phrase definition.
The phrase is the word or group of them that as a maximum expansion of a core, has a single meaning but may be incomplete in a sentence or proposition. The words - or the word, if the kernel is its only member, are the smallest units from the syntactic point of view. The kernel maintains a list of reaction with its expansions and, if applicable, a statement added to consistency.
noun Definition.
In this sense, the noun phrase (hereafter SN) has at its core a conception of reality itself, which categorically means a noun, a pronoun "I know", or some element Metabasis who has suffered, or to Sutanto categorial transposition: a nominalized infinitive "is a duty to respect others," a noun with the adjective, article, or even if the adjective is not determined "The widow, married and unmarried for me are all pears on the tree of love, "there appear normatively adjectives more often than noun, becoming in substantive language: The old watch the ducks in the park. Nominal kernel extensions agree in gender and number with the same-red cars. Of the various types of adjacent and determinants discussed below.
substantive definition.
categorial and semantic definition.
In addition to their formal noun can be defined from categorial point of view as that which conceives things or events themselves, unlike the adjective, conceived as the powers of another, or the verb, which assumes reality as a way of being or becoming. Have lexical meaning, as Tesniere, hence it is a word constituent, can form the nucleus, regulate other elements and stand alone, ie can be autonomous. Semantically
designed these substances themselves can be concrete if it is perceived by the senses and abstract if they are captured by the intellect. Hence, specific names are common in the first place if not unique-referentially table. Those of the generators, which are countable, a shoe-individual, and collective, if they mean a plurality, the canopy-and the subject, countless bread, water ... so if you receive plural is a stylistic nuance: the waters were opened. The individual themselves, for their part, point to a reference individuality-so do not usually admit that the updated article, except in standard facts: Japan, or in slang: the Pepe, whether anthroponyms if they are referring to people or characters "Tintin and place names if they refer to spatial locations:" Tangier.
abstract names are expected phenomenon-the-quality-of-kindness and collective numerals, if they indicate a precise number, a quintet, or undefined if not denote a precisely-a hodgepodge. Definition
morphological . Morphologically
consists of a lexeme, which provides the lexical meaning a word and two constituent morphemes: the gender and number, and three doctors, or optional: suffixes derogatory, augmentative and diminutive, which can take values \u200b\u200bstylistic-bald, for one who has short hair, "and prefixes: pre-election.
Gender in English is limited to male and female morphemes. As the first unmarked element can be operated by women: The judges [including the judges] are the heart of the Judiciary. The male is marked by the allomorphs oy ø, while the female is marked with a. There
invariable nouns whose gender he is given by the ratio of concordance phrase has with its determinants, "he / Sentinel-or, in the case of epicene, adding an adjacent noun-female wild boar. Gender is not always the benchmark, the cook / chef, is also the unmotivated and therefore due to grammatical issues, the ambulance, the dolphin ,...-. And even the reference difference may be reflected in different lexemes in nouns heteronyms the horse / mare. Gender variations may involve diatopía or diafasía: the heat, the sea ... Gender also can lead to semantic oppositions because of homonymy, the garden / orchard, "or opposition of various kinds, such as Agent - instrument:" the sword / Sword. Other lexemes are amplified as a mark of feminine acting, potato / Papis, ...
In terms of numbers, English has morpheme ø singular and plural allomorphs-s and-es. Allomorph of the plural-es is added when the word ends in a consonant or vowel-marked trucks, usually if-t o-ú: Alphonsine, Hindu, ... The current rule is to accept the allomorph-s for the other vocal tonic-babies, sofas, moors, and for cards ,...-, unstressed-cars. Foreign words are not adapted its plural in-s if they end in a consonant: We have taken all possible handicaps.
The singular is unmarked item, for it can work for the plural: The German [by the Germans] are a lover of nature. Even some names may indicate plurality of normative support so that a solecism in numerical agreement: The crowd of protesters demanded urgent improvements.
Moreover substantive result is invariable: they always tamtum-complexion singularity or plurality-tantum-the shattered, "they should not be confused with those who are formally unchanged but have the morpheme marking the determinants: the hipótesis.Por other hand, such as gender, the numerical variation may indicate an intention stylistic: I'm fed up of travel by sea.
Functional definition. Functionally
may be, within the sentence:
• Direct object: I bought a bike.
• indirect object: I bought a motorcycle. • Add circumstantial
: I will come on Thursday.
• Subject: John came soon.
• Apposition: John, Burgos, was with me yesterday.
• Vocative: I saw the car again, John!
• Attribute: John is the Burgos.
• Add the adjective: The dress was red sienna. Adjacent
: the adjective.
Categorical definition.
The adjective is a way of categorizing reality as being in another and so graduate or not: thus expresses a quality attached to another element: The white car / whitest. Definition
morphological .
morphology was a name therefore has the same noun constituent morphemes. So much so that, as we saw, may appear noun. For some authors that it is accompanied by no means categorically transposing a noun: it would adjective pronoun, it would not work then as an article: The good thing is that one has begun.
Number
Morphemes are the same as the noun. However it differs in its classification in terms of gender: they are invariably in-a: sentinel-i and-u: Ceuta, Hindu, and many of the finishes in a consonant: capable, hard, cruel, terrible. .. Moreover we have the ending in-or the male and for female-to-champion / champion, "and those which are masculine allomorph of one who is not or, staying for female-to: Cordoba / Cordoba .
However, the morpheme is proprietary grading of the adjective: the morpheme morphologically and syntactically mark the extent to which attributes the quality expressed by the adjective.
The positive rating attributes a neutral level, indicating that the quality is simply another element: The incredible story of Mant.
The absolute superlative expresses the possession of an attribute of something or someone in isolation: it is expressed analytically, ie syntactic means John is very dark brown fabric. Synthetically can also be expressed by suffixes cults: balnquísimo, miserable ,...; colloquial prefixes: supertonta, requetemalo ... or inheritance from Latin: optimism, pessimism, maximum and minimum. The relative superlative expresses this quality but in relation to another element that integrates: Man strongest in the world.
The comparative degree gives an idea of \u200b\u200bcomparison of qualities between two elements. Also expressed analytically by expressing inferiority-less + adjective + to-, equal-as + adjective + as, or superior-most + adjective + that. The superiority still survive the coming directly from Latin forms better, worse, major and minor.
Functional definition.
The adjective has two basic functions: direct attribution to a noun and the predicate when it is attributed to a sermon by conferring with semicopulativos linking verbs or, in the case of helping a semipredicativo functions as switch the subject and the verb: The stevedores came tired.
The direct attribution is not link-gray hat and takes a number of shades depending on their position: prefixing the noun usually indicates subjectivity and explanatory value of a quality inherent in the noun-white snow, but if such quality is not logically the meaning of the noun we will have a weighted hue: good backs, ...
Sometimes preposed adjectives always appear normatively: the mere news. Adjectives express postponed usually logically objective quality not included in the noun-foot alabaster, "but not always well: It is an excellent wine. Even in this position is also normatively entrenched adjectives: agricultural machinery. Finally we must note that many adjectives, for reasons of policy, change meaning depending on their position, my old home, in the sense of my previous house, and my old house, and aging. Adjacent
: the addition to the name, apposition, relative clauses and adverb.
The name complement is a prepositional phrase specifying the meaning of the noun. Many of these supplements have specialized mean-field source or sodium borate, cheese Burgos ,...-, purpose-paper towels-or circumstance-back in sugar cane.
The apposition is a noun phrase attached to the nucleus of a noun phrase that explains its meaning or is restricted: it is called direct apposition if linked without pause, it has the specification: the Mount Itoiz werewolf ... If the union is separated by pauses, graphically marked by commas, we face a deposition indirect explanatory value: Federico, Giulio's brother, ruled for two years, Madrid, capital of Spain. The relative clauses have apposition same values \u200b\u200bas if they are separated by pauses, so the explanation, coupled with pauses, up to the entire noun they accompany, while those specified, together with pauses not selected a part of all: The applicants who previously have given the E-111, may receive their assignment is a case of explanatory becomes clear whether commas are subtracted: Applicants who have previously given the E-111 may receive its allocation. Especially
colloquial language supports the adverbs adjacent qualifier value: A kiss and deserves a gift. The
pronouns, adjectives, nouns and pronouns.
Definition.
are elements that themselves have no meaning and function, which is given them by the noun phrase it replaces proformas in the discourse as noun: John is Gijón, Oviedo Rafael is, to the one you like Andorra, they prefer the Pyrenees. You can replace these elements in the speech because deictically points, ie extra-linguistic "Give me that, please, or because it appears they announced by cataphoric" I'll tell you now: donkey! "- Referring to it if it appeared by anaphora: I like the theater, I prefer to dance, or, if phoric and replaced without having appeared just before or announce it: The prize has now come.
When the pronoun is the core function of a noun phrase with a pronoun are substantive, but if you change the substantive meaning of a pronoun will act as an adjective, or determining next to the item, then we'll see.
personal pronouns.
nouns and pronouns are always possess, by inheritance from the Latin, specific forms for different functions: they are unstressed ones that work as direct object, indirect and attribute-in the case of lo- which require a verb that rely on accentual: me, te, se, le, les, os, us, the, the, the and.
contrast, tonics are the main focus of his group, and act as subject or as a term of a preposition: I, you, he, she, you, us, us, you, you, them, them, you, Me, you, yes, and diachronic reasons, when the latter three are combined to pass with me, you and him.
relative pronouns.
gradually phased
a nominal element that precedes it, ie, its history, even if it is omitted, in the prayers of TWD to silent history: The one who wins, say by relating it to the subordinate clause, so also has the function of sentence-link. The relative pronouns are who, who, who-these two for person-which, what, how, how much, how many, how many, of which, whose, which and whose "these four always work as possessive pronouns, adjectives value: Footballers whose teams are great live well.
Where, how and when they can operate as a relative. Identified because they are paraphrased by the + article + that: The house where I was born is pretty = The house where I was born pretty.
are questioned when they point to an unknown element: do not know what made. They can take a weighted value exclamatory sentences, going to exclaim: How cute! They differ orthographically into this application by the diacritical tilde.
possessive pronouns. Notes
possession-my car, or close relationship, my boyfriend, of the possessor to the possessed. Work, changing its shape as pronouns and adjectives and nouns pronouns "My ice cream is mine. Generally not accompanied by a determinate: if worn, the building takes stylistic nuances, never forget my homeland, "with an indefinite adjective is always delayed, Seeking my papers. The preposed are my, your, their, our-a your-a, with plurals, the delayed and which function as nouns pronouns agree in the form of mine-a yours-a, his-a, we-a, you-a, with their plurals. You will not need to note the third person has a unique way to a holder and several. Demonstrative pronouns
.
updated functionality-so does not support the article as updater, which would be superfluous, and point to the noun deictically determining or replaced in a gradual way in nearness, highest to lowest are: this, this and that, with their female, neutral and plural. Such as demonstration can take values: This is my situation, and I have not that much.
deictic This character may refer to different space-time coordinates and make stylistic values: The day you give me a kiss, that day, I'll marry you, That brat not speak to me, Blessed is he who ...
quantitative pronouns: indefinite and numerals.
The vaguely indefinite quantifies the noun it replaces or accompanies because they do so intentionally, I know some stories about you-or not-I saw something, but do not know why, "whoever, something, anything, other, much rather, many, none, nada, ... are some of them.
cardinal numerals, however, numerically specify the noun referred to in units, tens, hundreds, analytical mode and 11 to 19 21 to 29 and in the hundreds, and forming phrases: three hundred thirty-five.
ordinal numerals, quantify what precise numerical position and occupies a sustantantivo and fiftieth days of modern art. In the ordinal numerals over a hundred the norm is blurring, taking his place cardinal Three hundred anniversary of his death. And one each
Both are dual as a duality, and this point has value distributive "They came with individual escorts, each with his own. On the other hand, the numerals can point multiplication using multiples double, triple, quadruple, quintuple and sextuple, and partition by the partitive, which form part syntagmatically with ordinal +, and from ten with the suffix-th, with its relevant feminine and plural: Me correspond to two twelfths.
Article.
updater has substantial value that comes without that add value, such as deictic demonstratives, or possession, as the possessive. As can not be autonomous, or core, or has value and is dependent lexematic a noun has been included by many authors, among them-as Alarcos morpheme establishing, updating, the noun. Its allomorphs would be the, the and, and even if we accept it as an article and not as a pronoun, as we saw.
Updater This value represents a substantive knowledge of partners and enhancement of its existence, isolating and highlighting it in a sort of neutral deixis. For this demonstration can take values \u200b\u200b"Those who are on there are my friends," possessive "I wash my hands, or Ponderosa - How well did the friend! -. Therefore, their absence will make indeterminacy, ignorance ,...: saw black men go, this morning helicopters have gone home.
