The letters form words, which in turn are representations of a sound. Can you imagine if each formed the words as I want? It would have as many words as people! To meet the primary requirement of language, which is to be useful to communicate and understand, words are not in any way, but by following certain procedures, whereby they acquire a specific meaning. We will now
how the parties involved are the words in the different procedures in place to form them. These procedures are threefold: derivation, composition, and parasíntesis. In addition, we review the formation of complex words or phrases.
bypass is probably the training system more you know, and it is very simple: it is lexicogenésico add a suffix to the root morpheme or morpheme base of a word. The resulting word is a word derived.
For example, the word eat has a radical, which is com (remember that, as it is a verb, we must remove the termination er to find the base morpheme). In this radical, we can add a suffix, and you get a word derived:
RADICAL + SUFFIX = word derived from edible estible
com suffix estible contributes the idea that you can. The edible, then, is that you can eat. Drinkable it will be what you can drink, and so on. There are many different suffixes, and each word will provide a new idea, but always keep the meaning implicit in the base morpheme.
For example, the suffix Ilón implies good for. Added to morpheme
base we already have, this is what happens:
RADICAL + SUFFIX = WORD DERIVED Com
Ilón glutton
sleeper in the word is also good for the idea, but in this case will be good for sleep.
One of the most common suffixes is the deal to form the diminutive, which is it or ECIT.
is important to remember that the morpheme suffix should be added after the base morpheme or root, but when the analysis must not forget the grammatical morphemes, which deliver information on gender and number.
Consider this example:
RADICAL + SUFFIX + GENDER + MGN MGN word derived
NUMBER = it I = brothers herman
If the word is deleted suffix that makes the idea of \u200b\u200bsmall, looks like this:
GENDER RADICAL + + MGN MGN NUMBER = masculine plural word derived
herman brothers os =
words, gender MGN and number are held, belong to the word, only the suffix is \u200b\u200bwhat makes a word derived.
Finally, we review a third example, with az suffix meaning to blow.
RADICAL + SUFFIX + GENDER + MGN MGN NUMBER = masculine singular word derived
Martill az or Ø = hammer
Hammer, then, the blow with a hammer. What will it mean then header? Blow to the head.
- Derivation by prefixation : (for some grammarians, it would be a special case of composition) in which case it is necessary to add a prefix lexicogenésico morpheme to the word already exists. For this is not necessary to separate the base morpheme, as we should do in the case of the derivation suffixes. The word remains the same, only with a prefix before. Prefixes, suffixes like, have their own meaning, therefore, provide a particular idea to the meaning of the word already had. An example
.
PREFIX + WORD = WORD FORMED BY prefixation
Lieutenant Sub Lieutenant Sub The code gives the idea below. Thus, the sergeant is the one that is below lieutenant, in a hierarchy.
As suffixes, prefixes, there are many morphemes, one of the most common is in, that gives the idea of \u200b\u200bthe opposite. For example: decent - indecent. Note that this morpheme must sometimes be modified for reasons of spelling: in words beginning with p, the prefix will be important. For example: patient - impatient, and perfect - imperfect. In this case there is an allomorph, but the same prefix changed for reasons spelling as the letter n in English is never going before the letter P.
review a final example, with the prefix re, meaning again.
PREFIX + WORD = WORD FORMED BY prefixation
Re regain winning
Thanks to the value of the prefix, the word means again regain conquer. The same applies, for example, re-elected, which means to choose again.
composition is the second method for forming new words from existing ones. Now there are two different ways to form words by composition, ie, to compose words, by juxtaposition, or via script. The review one by one.
- compositions of juxtaposition: the juxtaposition is a concept that means next to, beside. So, put a word juxtaposed with another means to put them together. This is the second method for forming compound words: join two different words, being together, go on to have a new and different meaning than they had each separately.
For example:
WORD + WORD = WORD FORMED BY JUXTAPOSITION
south east southeast south
Both the word and the word that have meaning independent cardinal point. Southeast word indicates a different intermediate between the two.
another example:
WORD + WORD = WORD FORMED BY JUXTAPOSITION
car cradle cochecuna
In this case, the compound word cochecuna is an artifact that is car and home at once.
- Composition through script: In this procedure, the words are composed similarly to the juxtaposition. But in this case both the original words that make up the new word, are not completely together, one beside the other, but united by a hyphen. However, words are grouped by this script go to form a word.
For example:
WORD + WORD = WORD FORMED BY THE SCRIPT
chemical-pharmaceutical chemist pharmacist
parasíntesis
The third procedure is named, through which they can form words. In a way, this is not a method different from the other two, the derivation and composition - but it is the simultaneous use of both methods.
These methods can be combined in two ways, to give rise to words parasintéticas:
- Word + root + suffix : it is simultaneously adding a suffix to a base morpheme, and also, of putting an existing word. The words thus formed no are common.
An example we can observe is premature.
SUFFIX WORD + RADICAL + + MGN gender
Seven months in + or
see, it is not adding a suffix to a word already exists, since the word sietemes not exist. Similarly, it's not the juxtaposition of two words, since seven is a real word, but Mesino not.
- Radical + prefix + suffix : this way of forming words parasintéticas, add both a prefix and a suffix to a base morpheme. As in the previous combination is not easy to produce these words, and a of the rare examples is shameless.
SUFFIX WORD + RADICAL + + MGN gender
Des
car ad + or Ni
shameless word and the word carado there alone, therefore, can not say that you added a prefix or suffix to a word already exists. Both morphemes are combined at the same time with the base morpheme.
another example.
SUFFIX WORD + RADICAL + + MGN gender
ad in bread + a
In this case, same thing happens: the radical bread has added the prefix and suffix ad at the same time. Remember that in this case, the prefix, n should be changed am for reasons of spelling, since the base morpheme begins with p.
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