This week in our blog the topic of our items will be devoted to organizational development, we hope are helpful.
Imagination is more important than knowledge. Albert Einstein
All day we face the need to decide: Do I buy a new car?, "Go on vacation to Europe?," Invest in dollars?, "Moving home or apartment?
decision making, then, is a topic of interest not only for executives and entrepreneurs, but for all human beings. Sometimes these decisions have a great significance and others are merely trivial.
The idea of \u200b\u200bthis introduction is to emphasize that to better decisions and better the outcome the quality of our lives, whether taken on a personal or employment.
A lecture by Alberto Wilensky, author of books on marketing strategy and was entitled "Decision Making Poker or Chess, the title refers subtly suggestive that managers often make decisions betting intuition, like a game of poker, and not a serious decision process as when a chess grandmaster made a masterful move.
As does the chess master, the best decision is to be considered the logical process of analysis making room for intuition.
Logical analysis occurs throughout the hemisphere our left brain and right brain is what gives rise to the intuition and creativity.
Several authors have addressed this important issue, but perhaps the most famous of them all was Herbert Simon, Nobel Prize 1978 with his classic classification decisions on programs and not programs. Others have been Kenichi Ohmae in his model for making decisions with intuition in business, Edward de Bono in his approach to creativity through lateral thinking, Tony Buzan with their contribution "mental maps" and so many others.
They lead us to a fundamental point which is the focus of this article: we must not address the decision-making without making use of our most powerful tool: the brain. The impulses devoid of analysis and the scientific process for decision making is very dangerous and they can lead to costly mistakes.
The main message is that he was the founder of IBM Thomas Watson on his desk: "Think!"
are many suggested methods for making decisions and is very useful study, but more importantly, take time to analysis and that our right hemisphere cerebral contribution creativity and intuition to produce the best decision.
The contextual hyperturbulence seems that drives successful managers to use their brain capacities so integral. This is used in a complementary manner the rational aspects of his thought-processes that are considered a priori:
Intuitive and heuristic.
In this article we analyze these processes sensu estrictu considered as creative. Therefore, the first question that is considered relevant for this study is: What is creativity? or what is it?
Possible answers to these questions and their links to decision-making are the central themes of this work.
What is creativity?
As a first approximation of answer to this question was consulted the dictionary and some other specialized books and found the following meanings: Creativity
.- Ability to create. Create
.- (Latin creare) to produce something that did not exist, generate, invent, found, establish, and give birth (GARCIA-PELAYO Y GROSS, Ramon, 1991:284). Creativity
.- [is] the process of formulating ideas and hypotheses, testing them and communicating the results (TORRANCE), Paul E., 1959).
Creativity, in my opinion is not peculiar to any particular area. I believe that there is no fundamental difference in the creative process as it apparently might seem in terms of painting a work of art, composing a symphony, devising a new instrument of war, develop a scientific theory to discover new procedures in human relationships or create new patterns in the personality of oneself, as in psychotherapy (Rogers, Carl R., 1954).
Creativity is the production of an idea, a concept, a creation or discovery is new, original, useful and satisfying to both its creator and others for some period (GREGORY, Carl E., 1967:182).
Creativity is the ability to develop and implement new and better solutions (Steiner, Gary A., 1966).
Creativity is the willingness to create a potential state that exists in all ages. Highly dependent on the sociocultural environment, this natural tendency to be favorable conditions required for expression (SILLAMY, Norbert, 1970: 357).
believe that avoiding the limitations blind or unthinking conformity is the key for everyone to meet our needs for creativity and reach the summit vital to our limited creativity. Wit is a formula for creativity to be creative you need to be a little crazy (Dyer, Wayne W. 1984: 362-67).
The above definitions combine actions such as creating, producing something that did not exist, the formulation of ideas, through various fields of human knowledge to the establishment of morphological conditions associated with creative development.
According to Margaret Boden, this approach can be framed and two types: inspirational and romantic. The inspirational approach sees creativity as essentially mysterious superhuman or even divine. From the standpoint of the author, if creativity is explained by this approach, any scientific approach is meaningless. The romantic approach in turn is less extreme in their assessment of creativity by claiming that at least is an exceptional phenomenon. It is said that creative artists (and scientists) are people with a specific talent that others do not possess: insight and intuition (Boden, 1994: 15-31).
In synthesis and attachment to the romantic view of creativity can say that is a process which integrates the general knowledge, practical experiences, isolated data, information about a problem, "hunches" and even extrasensory perceptions aimed at generating ideas and making decisions.
creative process This unit
management review some models proposed by authors who have contributed in an indirect way, their training is different from the administrators, administrative elements aimed at developing creative capacity.
But before addressing the creative process is necessary to point out some issues regarding its genesis in the human body: the brain.
The creative process has its origin in the brain; fundamental human body and is perhaps the least understood by scholars, given their high level of complexity and how difficult it is to access it directly.
The human brain weighs about 1300 or 2200 grams, is divided into two hemispheres, one right and one left, joined by the corpus callosum, whose function is to link the two hemispheres through nerve impulses.
According to recent studies (Springer and Deutsch, 1985; Witeslon, 1991) has shown that each cerebral hemisphere is responsible for certain skills and capabilities, but their distribution is not sharp, or perfect. Listed below are some activities by the cerebral hemispheres.
left hemisphere: speech, writing, logical reasoning, mathematical and analytical, sequential analysis of events, awareness of time, including right hemisphere
: appreciate the beauty, is nonverbal, has a comprehensive vision, a reason, based creativity and intuition, operates through images, integrates the individual's personality is not aware of the time, among others.
On the inside of the brain there is a deep cavity that harbors the parts of the brain for studies of reptilian and primitive mammal (Sagan, 1989). Much of the cavity is occupied by the thalamus (two twin mass gray matter like two robin's eggs.)
The thalamus receives messages from all the senses except smell. Messages from the nose passes directly to the cerebral cortex, an arrangement that comes directly from the origins of mammals.
Below the thalamus is the hypothalamus, a part of the old brain because it stimulates the body and prepares it for appropriate action to a particular emotional state. In times of great stress, is the hypothalamus which sends messages to the heart to speed up the pulse and the stomach to stop the digestive process and allow the blood to freely go to the muscles (Jastrow, 1981).
Once this preamble, then set out in summary form some taxonomic proposals for the creative process.
Graham Wallas: preparation, incubation, illumination and verification. Elliot R. Danzig: identification, motivation, identification, preparation, mental searcheth, frustration, empathy, verification and modification. John E.
Arnold: Ask, look, associate, and predict. Alex F.
Osborn: Discovery of facts, problem definition, preparation, discovery of ideas, production ideas, developing ideas, finding ideas, production ideas, developing ideas, finding solutions, evaluation and adoption. Carl E.
Gregory: Decision on the issue, problem analysis, data collection, data organization, instigation, planning, preflight, activation and evaluation plans.
common elements that permeate all models are: 1) defining the problem through a series of questions, 2) a time of observation and reflection, 3) a process of generating ideas, 4) a moment of action and 5) an evaluation form-control.
As you can see the creative ideas is the result of a maturation process that culminates with the great idea, but its evaluation and factual verification. Creative Management
Some American authors in their empirical research on the determinants that define the decision making process have found that the executive, manager or director in their daily activities in estrictu sensu not make all stages of the administrative process. They also showed that support for alternatives to solve a strategic problem does not follow the path of rationality and calculability, but heuristics, intuition and creativity.
In this regard, we have the investigation conducted by Henry Mintzberg, where he finds that the administrative process "in the best case indicates certain objectives vague that managers have when they work ".
This study is relevant to rescue some basic ideas that are contrary to the position of classical administratives.
1) The manager or executive spends much time talking or negotiation process, whether by phone or vis-a-vis. Through this activity the manager receives a number of data and information on intra-organizational context, his department or office.
informal channels established among their employees or for other organizational area allow reduce uncertainty in decision making creating successful actions.
2) The executive spends little time reviewing your correspondence, just plan some activities, usually acting on intuition, relying on his experience and his knowledge of the market.
3) The managers focus their time and energy, appreciate the sense of opportunity, enjoy the art of imprecision and take advantage of the change.
As you can see these features outline a flexible style of decision making and a rift with the administrative process.
adaptive philosophy proposed by the creative management seeks to break the rigid frames suggested by some management fads such as large marketing listings or the recipes of what a manager should do to be successful, the formulas for strategic planning and strategic management, which had some success although they were due to the instrumentation and the qualities of managers who implemented them and not the method itself.
In sum, it appears that given the context of modern managers become agents of change, but supported by an illogical view of things, where creativity is the main element of force. And despair is the systematic time management tool.
this article we review the proposals of some relatively recent authors about creative management.
The first author under study is Edward de Bono (physician and psychologist trained in Oxford) who has coined the term lateral thinking to synthesize the central noeud creative management.
Lateral thinking is defined as the solution of problems through unorthodox methods and illogical. And purpose is the generation of new ideas and the abandonment of old ideas (De Bono, 1971).
for lateral thinking, creativity will be one of the key elements, which implies breaking the established patterns, and thinking and looking at problems differently. For example, in the book Six Thinking Hats, de Bono proposes a system of analysis that seeks out the traditional argument and confrontation of ideas as a means to explore a particular problem. This system
associate colors with specific mental functions hats: white for general information, red for feelings and intuition, black for the prevention or negative, yellow for the positive benefits of the problem or , green for creative thinking and blue for the organization of thinking (De Bono, 1985).
De Bono on one of his most recent Six Action Shoes, again uses the analogy of the colors but now biased towards the shares. Thus, he proposes the blue shoes to handle routine matters, the "tennis" in gray for information, brown shoes Employment of pragmatism, simplicity and effectiveness, the orange boots for danger, emergencies and crises, pink slippers for actions related to human care and compassion, and purple boots to the authority or performance of an official role. And finally concludes with a proposal to the combination of different colored shoes and to focus the combined actions (De Bono, 1991).
Within this stream of creative thinkers is the American sociologist Rosabeth Moss Kanter (Editor of the magazine: Harvard Business Review.)
She defines the current U.S. corporation as a "post-entrepreneurial" and considers creative potential of human beings is the force of change and decentralization in decision-making organizational its materialization (empowerment).
The concrete work where this kind of thinking is called "When Giants Learn to Dance" "When giants learn to dance", it analyzes a wide range of companies, large and small. As a consultant notes that different organizations converged on the strategies used to compete on a global level (a process she calls: The Olympics competitive) (Kanter, 1989).
Another author who can be framed as a driver of organizational creativity Reg Revans is the British from the 70 who coined the term "action learning." This author seeks to develop effective managers through three systems: Alpha, Beta and Gamma (Revans, 1979).
alpha system focuses on the use of management information and design strategies through negotiation. Finally the system range is the learning curve adapting to the experience and managerial and organizational change.
Lastly in this section is necessary to mention two great authors of the current administration, Tom Peters and Robert H. Waterman authors of the famous book In Search of Excellence "In Search of Excellence", where they recovered as a creative practice that serve as a tool to deal with the chaos that characterizes the business current.
The idea about creativity later be retrieved and placed as a key element, in conjunction with some others, 24 in total, by Tom Peters in his book Thriving on Chaos "Thriving on Chaos.
now present some examples to help us support these ideas to the level of reality, through some innovative products and experiences at the first term in the U.S., and later in Mexico.
In the United States, now cigarettes are not necessary as they have been replaced with sticky patches on the skin containing nicotine dose that seeps through the skin into the bloodstream.
In view of the firm -selling prescription-this product will help in the treatment of smokers to reduce their consumption customary up to bring about a placebo effect.
Although the Food and Drug Administration of America (FDA) has reported 33 cases of heart problems related to the use of these patches (The Economist, 1992:70).
there any other innovative business cases like Tom Chappell and liquid detergent phosphate and some other personal care products made from natural materials.
Within the entertainment industry has to MovieFone film publication of Jarecki and Slutsky. In the toy industry there are various managers Kotalik creative as spouses in Iowa and decorative toys and husbands with their hula hoopcristalinos Kessler (Vid. Entrepreneur, 1990: 86-ff).
in Mexico also have success stories about the creative decisions, such as Ticketmaster, a telemarketing agency specializing in the sale of tickets for shows.
Within the tourist highlights the entrepreneurial vision of Mr. Francisco Martínez to their country houses designed under the framework of a small hotel, but to provide the services necessary for the host considers the extension of your home.
And how about the corporation headed by Mr. Roberto Servitje leader in preparing the bread box and some other things more ... with promotions ranging from collections of stickers to promote musical talents.
In the field of so-called fast food, is Chiken Express-national franchise, led by Mr. Mario Correa, who revolutionized the marketing of chicken.
Inside the nutrition industry has a chain leading logo is a bee and sells frozen yogurt and some other products used as raw aloe vera and soy, it is Nutrisa.
In the commercial arena include strategic joint venture partnerships (or joint venture), followed by Liverpool and K-Mart and Sam's Club Aurrera and Comercial Mexicana Price Club.
The mass media can not escape the wave creative within this highlights the ridiculous idea that has generated Multivision losses in its only competitor, Televisa's Cablevision belonging to the group.
Finally, in the financial sector there are many interesting ideas from the automation of the Mexican stock exchange to travel sweepstakes, debt forgiveness and awards that encourage banks through their credit card division. Conclusion
Under the above we can say that the creative process is a preliminary step in solving problems within organizations.
is a maturation process of ideas that later may be resolved in two ways, creative and rationalizing. The possible solutions depend on the nature of the problem that confronts the decision maker, its affinity for risk (Mac Crimmon and Wehrung, 1986) and all factors considered by the followers of the Carnegie School.
With regard to creative manager can say that the average person is crazy, half sane, analytical and a great ability to solve problems from a perspective that would seem illogical in the eyes of those around you. In an innovative
raises his unorthodox solution, but after consideration it is noted that was the product of his vast experience and knowledge he has about his field of action. This approach could be summed up in two ideas of William Ouchi and a Harles H. Travel respectively
"The emphasis in our technology, products we make and the business approach must be innovation and creativity."
"Creativity is a prerequisite for the survival of developed economies and will be even more necessary as time" (Fabian VILLEGAS, 1985).
READING:
Article: César Medina Salgado Professor and researcher at UAM
Creativity and change management. Tudor Rickards. Oxford
administrative behavior. Herbert Simon
lateral thinking. Edward de Bono
Mind Maps. Tony Buzan Mind
strategist. Kenichi Ohmae
Imagination is more important than knowledge. Albert Einstein
All day we face the need to decide: Do I buy a new car?, "Go on vacation to Europe?," Invest in dollars?, "Moving home or apartment?
decision making, then, is a topic of interest not only for executives and entrepreneurs, but for all human beings. Sometimes these decisions have a great significance and others are merely trivial.
The idea of \u200b\u200bthis introduction is to emphasize that to better decisions and better the outcome the quality of our lives, whether taken on a personal or employment.
A lecture by Alberto Wilensky, author of books on marketing strategy and was entitled "Decision Making Poker or Chess, the title refers subtly suggestive that managers often make decisions betting intuition, like a game of poker, and not a serious decision process as when a chess grandmaster made a masterful move.
As does the chess master, the best decision is to be considered the logical process of analysis making room for intuition.
Logical analysis occurs throughout the hemisphere our left brain and right brain is what gives rise to the intuition and creativity.
Several authors have addressed this important issue, but perhaps the most famous of them all was Herbert Simon, Nobel Prize 1978 with his classic classification decisions on programs and not programs. Others have been Kenichi Ohmae in his model for making decisions with intuition in business, Edward de Bono in his approach to creativity through lateral thinking, Tony Buzan with their contribution "mental maps" and so many others.
They lead us to a fundamental point which is the focus of this article: we must not address the decision-making without making use of our most powerful tool: the brain. The impulses devoid of analysis and the scientific process for decision making is very dangerous and they can lead to costly mistakes.
The main message is that he was the founder of IBM Thomas Watson on his desk: "Think!"
are many suggested methods for making decisions and is very useful study, but more importantly, take time to analysis and that our right hemisphere cerebral contribution creativity and intuition to produce the best decision.
The contextual hyperturbulence seems that drives successful managers to use their brain capacities so integral. This is used in a complementary manner the rational aspects of his thought-processes that are considered a priori:
Intuitive and heuristic.
In this article we analyze these processes sensu estrictu considered as creative. Therefore, the first question that is considered relevant for this study is: What is creativity? or what is it?
Possible answers to these questions and their links to decision-making are the central themes of this work.
What is creativity?
As a first approximation of answer to this question was consulted the dictionary and some other specialized books and found the following meanings: Creativity
.- Ability to create. Create
.- (Latin creare) to produce something that did not exist, generate, invent, found, establish, and give birth (GARCIA-PELAYO Y GROSS, Ramon, 1991:284). Creativity
.- [is] the process of formulating ideas and hypotheses, testing them and communicating the results (TORRANCE), Paul E., 1959).
Creativity, in my opinion is not peculiar to any particular area. I believe that there is no fundamental difference in the creative process as it apparently might seem in terms of painting a work of art, composing a symphony, devising a new instrument of war, develop a scientific theory to discover new procedures in human relationships or create new patterns in the personality of oneself, as in psychotherapy (Rogers, Carl R., 1954).
Creativity is the production of an idea, a concept, a creation or discovery is new, original, useful and satisfying to both its creator and others for some period (GREGORY, Carl E., 1967:182).
Creativity is the ability to develop and implement new and better solutions (Steiner, Gary A., 1966).
Creativity is the willingness to create a potential state that exists in all ages. Highly dependent on the sociocultural environment, this natural tendency to be favorable conditions required for expression (SILLAMY, Norbert, 1970: 357).
believe that avoiding the limitations blind or unthinking conformity is the key for everyone to meet our needs for creativity and reach the summit vital to our limited creativity. Wit is a formula for creativity to be creative you need to be a little crazy (Dyer, Wayne W. 1984: 362-67).
The above definitions combine actions such as creating, producing something that did not exist, the formulation of ideas, through various fields of human knowledge to the establishment of morphological conditions associated with creative development.
According to Margaret Boden, this approach can be framed and two types: inspirational and romantic. The inspirational approach sees creativity as essentially mysterious superhuman or even divine. From the standpoint of the author, if creativity is explained by this approach, any scientific approach is meaningless. The romantic approach in turn is less extreme in their assessment of creativity by claiming that at least is an exceptional phenomenon. It is said that creative artists (and scientists) are people with a specific talent that others do not possess: insight and intuition (Boden, 1994: 15-31).
In synthesis and attachment to the romantic view of creativity can say that is a process which integrates the general knowledge, practical experiences, isolated data, information about a problem, "hunches" and even extrasensory perceptions aimed at generating ideas and making decisions.
creative process This unit
management review some models proposed by authors who have contributed in an indirect way, their training is different from the administrators, administrative elements aimed at developing creative capacity.
But before addressing the creative process is necessary to point out some issues regarding its genesis in the human body: the brain.
The creative process has its origin in the brain; fundamental human body and is perhaps the least understood by scholars, given their high level of complexity and how difficult it is to access it directly.
The human brain weighs about 1300 or 2200 grams, is divided into two hemispheres, one right and one left, joined by the corpus callosum, whose function is to link the two hemispheres through nerve impulses.
According to recent studies (Springer and Deutsch, 1985; Witeslon, 1991) has shown that each cerebral hemisphere is responsible for certain skills and capabilities, but their distribution is not sharp, or perfect. Listed below are some activities by the cerebral hemispheres.
left hemisphere: speech, writing, logical reasoning, mathematical and analytical, sequential analysis of events, awareness of time, including right hemisphere
: appreciate the beauty, is nonverbal, has a comprehensive vision, a reason, based creativity and intuition, operates through images, integrates the individual's personality is not aware of the time, among others.
On the inside of the brain there is a deep cavity that harbors the parts of the brain for studies of reptilian and primitive mammal (Sagan, 1989). Much of the cavity is occupied by the thalamus (two twin mass gray matter like two robin's eggs.)
The thalamus receives messages from all the senses except smell. Messages from the nose passes directly to the cerebral cortex, an arrangement that comes directly from the origins of mammals.
Below the thalamus is the hypothalamus, a part of the old brain because it stimulates the body and prepares it for appropriate action to a particular emotional state. In times of great stress, is the hypothalamus which sends messages to the heart to speed up the pulse and the stomach to stop the digestive process and allow the blood to freely go to the muscles (Jastrow, 1981).
Once this preamble, then set out in summary form some taxonomic proposals for the creative process.
Graham Wallas: preparation, incubation, illumination and verification. Elliot R. Danzig: identification, motivation, identification, preparation, mental searcheth, frustration, empathy, verification and modification. John E.
Arnold: Ask, look, associate, and predict. Alex F.
Osborn: Discovery of facts, problem definition, preparation, discovery of ideas, production ideas, developing ideas, finding ideas, production ideas, developing ideas, finding solutions, evaluation and adoption. Carl E.
Gregory: Decision on the issue, problem analysis, data collection, data organization, instigation, planning, preflight, activation and evaluation plans.
common elements that permeate all models are: 1) defining the problem through a series of questions, 2) a time of observation and reflection, 3) a process of generating ideas, 4) a moment of action and 5) an evaluation form-control.
As you can see the creative ideas is the result of a maturation process that culminates with the great idea, but its evaluation and factual verification. Creative Management
Some American authors in their empirical research on the determinants that define the decision making process have found that the executive, manager or director in their daily activities in estrictu sensu not make all stages of the administrative process. They also showed that support for alternatives to solve a strategic problem does not follow the path of rationality and calculability, but heuristics, intuition and creativity.
In this regard, we have the investigation conducted by Henry Mintzberg, where he finds that the administrative process "in the best case indicates certain objectives vague that managers have when they work ".
This study is relevant to rescue some basic ideas that are contrary to the position of classical administratives.
1) The manager or executive spends much time talking or negotiation process, whether by phone or vis-a-vis. Through this activity the manager receives a number of data and information on intra-organizational context, his department or office.
informal channels established among their employees or for other organizational area allow reduce uncertainty in decision making creating successful actions.
2) The executive spends little time reviewing your correspondence, just plan some activities, usually acting on intuition, relying on his experience and his knowledge of the market.
3) The managers focus their time and energy, appreciate the sense of opportunity, enjoy the art of imprecision and take advantage of the change.
As you can see these features outline a flexible style of decision making and a rift with the administrative process.
adaptive philosophy proposed by the creative management seeks to break the rigid frames suggested by some management fads such as large marketing listings or the recipes of what a manager should do to be successful, the formulas for strategic planning and strategic management, which had some success although they were due to the instrumentation and the qualities of managers who implemented them and not the method itself.
In sum, it appears that given the context of modern managers become agents of change, but supported by an illogical view of things, where creativity is the main element of force. And despair is the systematic time management tool.
this article we review the proposals of some relatively recent authors about creative management.
The first author under study is Edward de Bono (physician and psychologist trained in Oxford) who has coined the term lateral thinking to synthesize the central noeud creative management.
Lateral thinking is defined as the solution of problems through unorthodox methods and illogical. And purpose is the generation of new ideas and the abandonment of old ideas (De Bono, 1971).
for lateral thinking, creativity will be one of the key elements, which implies breaking the established patterns, and thinking and looking at problems differently. For example, in the book Six Thinking Hats, de Bono proposes a system of analysis that seeks out the traditional argument and confrontation of ideas as a means to explore a particular problem. This system
associate colors with specific mental functions hats: white for general information, red for feelings and intuition, black for the prevention or negative, yellow for the positive benefits of the problem or , green for creative thinking and blue for the organization of thinking (De Bono, 1985).
De Bono on one of his most recent Six Action Shoes, again uses the analogy of the colors but now biased towards the shares. Thus, he proposes the blue shoes to handle routine matters, the "tennis" in gray for information, brown shoes Employment of pragmatism, simplicity and effectiveness, the orange boots for danger, emergencies and crises, pink slippers for actions related to human care and compassion, and purple boots to the authority or performance of an official role. And finally concludes with a proposal to the combination of different colored shoes and to focus the combined actions (De Bono, 1991).
Within this stream of creative thinkers is the American sociologist Rosabeth Moss Kanter (Editor of the magazine: Harvard Business Review.)
She defines the current U.S. corporation as a "post-entrepreneurial" and considers creative potential of human beings is the force of change and decentralization in decision-making organizational its materialization (empowerment).
The concrete work where this kind of thinking is called "When Giants Learn to Dance" "When giants learn to dance", it analyzes a wide range of companies, large and small. As a consultant notes that different organizations converged on the strategies used to compete on a global level (a process she calls: The Olympics competitive) (Kanter, 1989).
Another author who can be framed as a driver of organizational creativity Reg Revans is the British from the 70 who coined the term "action learning." This author seeks to develop effective managers through three systems: Alpha, Beta and Gamma (Revans, 1979).
alpha system focuses on the use of management information and design strategies through negotiation. Finally the system range is the learning curve adapting to the experience and managerial and organizational change.
Lastly in this section is necessary to mention two great authors of the current administration, Tom Peters and Robert H. Waterman authors of the famous book In Search of Excellence "In Search of Excellence", where they recovered as a creative practice that serve as a tool to deal with the chaos that characterizes the business current.
The idea about creativity later be retrieved and placed as a key element, in conjunction with some others, 24 in total, by Tom Peters in his book Thriving on Chaos "Thriving on Chaos.
now present some examples to help us support these ideas to the level of reality, through some innovative products and experiences at the first term in the U.S., and later in Mexico.
In the United States, now cigarettes are not necessary as they have been replaced with sticky patches on the skin containing nicotine dose that seeps through the skin into the bloodstream.
In view of the firm -selling prescription-this product will help in the treatment of smokers to reduce their consumption customary up to bring about a placebo effect.
Although the Food and Drug Administration of America (FDA) has reported 33 cases of heart problems related to the use of these patches (The Economist, 1992:70).
there any other innovative business cases like Tom Chappell and liquid detergent phosphate and some other personal care products made from natural materials.
Within the entertainment industry has to MovieFone film publication of Jarecki and Slutsky. In the toy industry there are various managers Kotalik creative as spouses in Iowa and decorative toys and husbands with their hula hoopcristalinos Kessler (Vid. Entrepreneur, 1990: 86-ff).
in Mexico also have success stories about the creative decisions, such as Ticketmaster, a telemarketing agency specializing in the sale of tickets for shows.
Within the tourist highlights the entrepreneurial vision of Mr. Francisco Martínez to their country houses designed under the framework of a small hotel, but to provide the services necessary for the host considers the extension of your home.
And how about the corporation headed by Mr. Roberto Servitje leader in preparing the bread box and some other things more ... with promotions ranging from collections of stickers to promote musical talents.
In the field of so-called fast food, is Chiken Express-national franchise, led by Mr. Mario Correa, who revolutionized the marketing of chicken.
Inside the nutrition industry has a chain leading logo is a bee and sells frozen yogurt and some other products used as raw aloe vera and soy, it is Nutrisa.
In the commercial arena include strategic joint venture partnerships (or joint venture), followed by Liverpool and K-Mart and Sam's Club Aurrera and Comercial Mexicana Price Club.
The mass media can not escape the wave creative within this highlights the ridiculous idea that has generated Multivision losses in its only competitor, Televisa's Cablevision belonging to the group.
Finally, in the financial sector there are many interesting ideas from the automation of the Mexican stock exchange to travel sweepstakes, debt forgiveness and awards that encourage banks through their credit card division. Conclusion
Under the above we can say that the creative process is a preliminary step in solving problems within organizations.
is a maturation process of ideas that later may be resolved in two ways, creative and rationalizing. The possible solutions depend on the nature of the problem that confronts the decision maker, its affinity for risk (Mac Crimmon and Wehrung, 1986) and all factors considered by the followers of the Carnegie School.
With regard to creative manager can say that the average person is crazy, half sane, analytical and a great ability to solve problems from a perspective that would seem illogical in the eyes of those around you. In an innovative
raises his unorthodox solution, but after consideration it is noted that was the product of his vast experience and knowledge he has about his field of action. This approach could be summed up in two ideas of William Ouchi and a Harles H. Travel respectively
"The emphasis in our technology, products we make and the business approach must be innovation and creativity."
"Creativity is a prerequisite for the survival of developed economies and will be even more necessary as time" (Fabian VILLEGAS, 1985).
READING:
Article: César Medina Salgado Professor and researcher at UAM
Creativity and change management. Tudor Rickards. Oxford
administrative behavior. Herbert Simon
lateral thinking. Edward de Bono
Mind Maps. Tony Buzan Mind
strategist. Kenichi Ohmae
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